د انګلیسی د درس پينځمه برخــه
2012-01-23 13:27:29
د انګلیسی د درس پينځمه برخــه
Adjectives (comparative Degree)
صفات(درجه مقایسوی)
We form the comparative degree of one syllable adjectives by adding er.
میسازیم.er درجه مقایسوی صفات را که دارای یک هجا میباشد با علاوه نمودن
Cold------ colder bright---------brighter
We usually form the comparative degree of adjectives with more than two syllables by suing more.
میسازیم. Moreما عموماً صفات مقایسوی را با بیشتر از دو هجا با استعمال
Difficult more difficult
Beautiful more beautiful
Good and Bad have special comparative form.
اشکال خاص مقایسوی را دارا میباشد. BadوGood
Good Better
Bad worse
The comparative form of all adjectives is followed by than.
تعقیب میشود. Than شکل مقایسوی تمام صفات با
She is taller than her sister.
This exercise is more difficult than that one.
This book is better than that one.
Complete theses sentences by supplying the comparative form of the adjectives in parentheses. Also include the word than.
یان جملات را با استعمال نمودن شکل مقایسوی صفات که در قوسها آمده تکمیل نمایید. و همچنان را هم استعمال نمایید. Than لعت
1- He is------------ (young) ------------ I am.
2- Mr. Smith is much------------ (old) -----------I expected.
3- Chicago is ------------- (big) ----------Paris.
4- This book is ------------ (good) -------------the last one we used.
5- The weather this winter is----------- (bad) --------------the weather last winter.
6- This exercise is ------------- (easy) -----------the last one.
7- This metal is ----------------------- (valuable) ----------gold.
8- Jane is------------ (attractive) --------------her sister.
9- The weather today is----------- (warm) ------------the weather yesterday.
10-John's car was much--------------------------- (expensive) ------------my car.
11-This contract is ---------------------------------(satisfactory)---------the previous one.
12-This street is even--------------(wide) --------------Broadway.
13-These exercises are-----------------------(difficult) -----------some of the others.
14-The climate of Caracas is---------------(good) -----------that of Maracaibo.
15-John is much ---------------(clever) -----------his brother.
16-This summer is---------------(hot) -----------last summer.
Adverbs (comparative degree)
درجه مقایسوی قید ها
We form the comparative degree of one syllable adverbs by adding er.
میسازیم. erما شکل مقایسوی قید ها را با یک هجا با اضافه نمودن
Soon sooner
We usually express the comparative degree of adverbs with two or more syllables by suing more.
میسازیم. moreما شکل مقایسوی قید ها را با دو و یا بیشتر از دو هجا با اضافه نمودن
Quickly more quickly
Carefully more carefully
Well and bad have special combative forms.
اشکال خاص مقایسوی را دارا میباشد. Bad و Well
Well better
Bad worse
The comparative form of all adverbs is followed by than.
تعقیب میشود. Than شکل مقایسوی قید ها با
She works faster than I do.
He drives more carefully than she does.
John feels better than he did yesterday.
Complete these sentences by supplying the comparative form of the adverbs in parentheses. Also include the word than.
جملات ذیل را با استعمال نمودن شکل مقایسوی قید های که در قوسها آمده تکمیل نمایید. . را هم استعمال نمایید. than همچنان لغت
1- She speaks----------- (rapidly) ------------I.
(she speaks more rapidly than I.
2- He prepares his homework ------------- (carefully) ------------ most students.
3- She works------------ (hard) -----------her sister.
4- We stayed ----------- (long) ----------------we expected.
5- Out troops fought------------- (brave) ----------anyone expected.
6- The time passed --------------- (quick) ----------I expected.
7- The speaker spoke ----------- (loud) ---------was really necessary.
8- They arrived ------------ (soon) -----------we.
9- We walked--------------- (far) ----------we planned.
10- He goes there ------------ (often) ----------I.
11- They go to the movies --------------- (frequent) ----------you.
12- I get up every morning much ---------------- (early) ---------you.
13- She speaks English ------------ (good) ----------she speaks French.
14- He can help you----------------- (easy) -----------I do.
15- John knows her much----------- (good) ----------I do.
16- He returned------------- (soon) ----------------we expected.
Adjectives(Superlative Degree)
اشکال عالی صفات
We form the superlative degree of one syllables adjectives by adding est.
ما شکل عالی صفات را با یک هجا با علاوه نمودن est میسازیم.
Cold coldest
Bright brightest.
We usually form the superlative degree of adjectives with more than two syllables by using most.
.میسازیم most ما معمولاً شکل عالی صفات را با بیشتر از دو هجا با استعمال نمودن
Difficult most difficult
Beautiful most beautiful
Good and bad have special superlative forms.
اشکال خاص مقایسوی را دارا میباشند. Good و Bad
Good best
Bad worst.
The precedes the superlative form of all adjectives.
با تعقیب میشود. the شکل عا لی صفات عموماً
She is the tallest girl in the class.
This exercise is the most difficult one in the book.
This book is the best.
Supply the superlative form of the adjective in parentheses.
شکل عالی صفات را که در قوسها است استعمال نمایید.
1- Grace is------------(old) girl in our class.
2- This is-------------------(expensive) book that I own.
3- George is -------------(bad) student in the class.
4- The Herald is -----------------(important) newspaper in the town.
5- Tokyo is ------------------(largest) city in the world today.
6- He is -----------------(ambitious) boy that I know.
7- Helen was --------------------(attractive) girl at the party.
8- She also wore---------------(pretty) dress.
9- She is --------------------(intelligent) person that I know.
10- The story which you told was ----------(funny) of all.
11- January is--------------(cold) month of the year.
12- which is-----------(good) route from Miami to New York.
13- The pacific --------------(large) ocean in the world.
14- Mt. Everest is------------(high) mountain in the world.
15- This chair is----------------(comfortable) chair in the whole house.
16- These exercises are-------------------(difficult) in the whole boo
Past continuous tense زمان گذشته جاری
We form the past continuous tense with the past tense of to be and the present participle of the main verb.
فعل اصلی میسازیم.Ing form و شکل To be ما زمان گذشته جاری را با شکل گذشته
I was working we were working.
You were working. You were working.
He was working.
She was working. They were working.
It was working.
The past continuous tense describes a past action which was going on when another action took place.
زمان گذشته جاری عمل را نشان میدهد که در زمان گذشته جریان داشت که یک عمل دیگر صورت گرفت.
I was sleeping when you called.
They were eating dinner when we arrived.
a. supply the correct past continuous tense form of the verbs in parentheses.
شکل درست زمان گذشته جاری را از افعال که در قوس ها است استعمال نمایید.
1- They----------------------- (eat) in the restaurant on the corner when I saw them.
2- It-------------------- (rain) when I left home.
3- When you telephoned, I--------------------- (have) dinner.
4- They---------------------- (travel) in Europe when the war broke out.
5- The baby---------------------- (sleep) soundly when I went to wake him.
6- He ----------just---------------- (order) breakfast when I went to his hotel room.
7- I got sick while we----------------------- (drive) to Mexico.
8- He------------------ (work) in California when his father died.
9- I ------------just------------ (take) a nap when you called.
10-She----------------- (talk) with Mr. Smith when I saw her in the hall.
11-The accident happened while they ------------------ (travel) in Mexico.
12-She fell as she --------------------- (get) into a taxi.
13-The car--------------------- (travel) at high speed when it approached the corner.
14-When I got up this morning, the sun--------------------- (shine) brightly.
15-They---------------------- (live) in Japan when the war started.
b. In the following sentences give either the past tense or the past continuous tense form of the verb indicated.
در جملات ذیل یا شکل گذشته ساده و یا شکل گذشته جاری درست افعال را که نشان دهده شده است بدهید.
(study) 1- I ------------------very hard last night.
2- I ---------------------last night when you called me on the phone.
(go) 3-While I --------------------home last night, I saw a dreadful accident.
4- I -----------------home last night by bus.
(Drive) 5- We -------------to Philadelphia last Sunday.
6- We---------------at about forty miles an hour when the accident happened.
(Have) 7- We-----------------our dinner when you phoned.
8- We------------our dinner in Child's restaurant last night.
(Come) 9- While I--------------------to work this morning, I met an old friend.
10- I----------------to work on the bus this morning.
(Blow) 11- The wind ---------------------hard when I came to work this morning.
12- The wind ---------------- hard this morning.
(Rain) 13- It------------hard last night.
14-It----------------------hard when I left the office at five o'clock.
(Shine) 15- The sun --------------------brightly when I got up this morning.
16- The sun shone brightly this morning.
(Read) 17- At seven o'clock, when you telephoned, I ------------------the newspaper.
18- I------------two books last week.
(Sleep) 19- I ------------------soundly when the phone rang.
20- I----------------soundly last night.
(Play) 21- Mary --------------the piano when I arrived.
22- Mary --------------the piano for her guests.
(Take) 23- While John ---------------his English lesson, his friend arrived.
24- John-------------his English lesson yesterday.
(Get) 25- I ----------- up this morning at six o'clock.
25- Helen fell just as she ---------------off the bus.
c.In the following sentences give either the past tense or the past
continuous form of verb in the parentheses.
در جملات ذیل یا زمان گذشته ساده را و یا زمان گذشته جاری را از افعال که در قوس ها آمده استعمال نمایید.
1- As I ----------------(walk) home yesterday, I ---------------(meet) a beggar
who ------------- (ask) me for some money.
2- It------------------ (rain) hard when I---------------- (leave) home this morning.
3- John ---------------(fall) and------------(hurt) himself when he -----------------
(ride) his bicycle yesterday.
4- At five o'clock, when I -----------------(call) at the Smith's home, they-------
(have) dinner.
5- When world war II ---------------- (break) out, John -------------------- (live) in Switzerland.
6- We---------------- (sit) on our front porch when Mr. Smith ---------------- (drive) up in his new car.
7- As Mary -----------------(get) off the bus, she---------------(slip) and----------
(break) her leg.
8- Mr. Smith -----------------(drive) at about forty miles an hour when the
accident ------------------ (happen).
9- Your telegram ----------------- (come) just as I -------------------- (leave) my home.
10-Last night, just as we ---------------- (leave) for the movies, some friends ------------------- (call) on us.
11-John --------------- (talk) with his boss when I last ---------------- (see) him.
12-At noon, when you-------------------- (telephone), I --------------- (work) in my garden.
d.Change each of the following sentences from the past tense to the past continuous tense. Add an explanatory clause to complete the sentences.
هر جمله ذیل را از گذشته ساده به گذشته جاری تبدیل و یک کلاس تشریحی دیگری را هم علاوه نمایید تا جملات تکمیل گردد.
1-I studied my English lesson last night.
(I was studying my English lesson last night when he telephoned.)
2- I had lunch with Mr. Smith.
3-I got off the bus at 23rd street.
4-He lived in Switzerland.
5- Wrote several letters last night
6--Mary spoke to Mr. Smith about a raise.
7-John finished his work.
8-I ate my dinner.
9-I walked home from work last night.
10-I talked with Mr. Smith this morning.
Future continuous آینده جاری
We from the future continuous with will be and the present participle of the main verb.
فعل فعل اصلی میسازیم. Ing و شکل Well beما زمان آینده جاری را با
I will be working. We will be working.
You will be working. You will be working.
He will be working.
She will be working. They will be working.
It will be working.
The future continuous tense describes an action that will be going on when another action takes place.
زمان آینده جاری عمل را تشریح مینماید که آن عمل در حالت جاری باشد که یک عمل دیگر صورت بگیرد.
I will be studying when you come.
They will be working when you return.
Supply the future continuous form of the verbs in parentheses.
شکل آینده جاری افعال افعال را که در قوس ها آمده استعمال نمایید.
1- If you come at noon, we----------------------------(eat) lunch.
2- At this time next month, we-------------------------(travel) in South America.
3- At ten o'clock tomorrow morning, I--------------------------(have) my music lesson.
4- I----------------------------(wait) on the corner for you at the usual time tomorrow morning.
5- If you call her at six, she probably --------------------------------(practice) the piano.
6- It probably --------------------------------(rain) when you get back.
7- If you come before six, I--------------------------(work) in my garden.
8- Tomorrow afternoon at this time, we--------------------------(fly) over the Caribbean.
9- Don’t call him after seven. He ---------------------------(watch) his favorite television program.
10-Don’t call her now. She ----------------------------(take) her usual afternoon nap.
11- At this time next year, he-----------------------------(study) at Columbia
University.
12-If we go there now, they--------------------------------(have) dinner.
13-But if we go later, they ------------------------------(watch) television.
14-At this time tomorrow afternoon, I----------------------------(take) my
Final examination.
Much/Many
We use much with nouns that describe things that can not be counted. These nouns do not normally have plural forms.
را با اسمها ی که ما نمیتوانیم آن را حساب نماییم. این اسم ها بطور نورمال شکل Much ما
جمع را دارا نمیباشد.
Much sugar
Much rain
Much coffee
We use many with the plural form of nouns that describe countable objects.
را با اسمهای قابل شمارش استعمال مینماییم. Many ما
Many books
Many students
Many friends
Much and many are generally used in negative sentences or questions.
عموماً در جملات منفی و سوالی استعمال میشود. Many و Much
Complete the following sentences with much or many.
تکمیل نمایید. Many وMuch جملات ذیل را با
1- There aren't --------------large factories in this town.
2- He doesn't spend -------------time on his English.
3- Does this factory produce --------------different kinds of products?
4- Does she spend -------------money on clothes?
5- Is there --------------oil in Venezuela?
6- He doesn’t drink --------------milk.
7- Does he have -------------friends in this school?
8- There aren’t------------- mountains in that part of the country.
9- There isn't ----------milk in this pitcher.
10-How------------times do you spend on your English everyday.
11-How ------------windows are there in your classroom?
12-How --------------times a week do you go to the movie?
13-How------------money do you spend on textbooks each semester?
14-He doesn’t make ------------mistakes in spelling.
15-There isn’t ------------snow on the ground.
16-She doesn’t drink ------------coffee.
17-How------------cups of coffee do you drink every day?
18-There weren't -----------------students absent yesterday.
Also / Too /Either
Also and too change to either in negative sentences.
تبدیل میشود. Either در جملات منفی به Too و Also
I want to come too.
I don’t want to come either.
They also want this book.
They don’t want this book either.
a. change the following sentences from affirmative to negative.
جملات ذیل را از مثبت به منفی تبدیل نمایید.
1- Mary likes to study with our group too.
(Mary doesn’t like to study with our group either.
2- John also likes to play tennis.
3- They also want to move to the suburbs.
4- He will also come.
5- He eats in that restaurant too.
6- We can also play baseball.
7- He also likes American food.
8- She is able to hear him too.
9- They like to listen to the radio too.
10-Mr. Johnson is also an Englishman.
11-She can also play this game.
12-This book was also expensive.
b. Change the following sentences from negative to affirmative.
جملات ذیل را از منفی به مثبت تبدیل نماثید.
1- He doesn’t know her well either.
( He also knows her well.)
2-He doesn’t like to watch television either.
3-Helen can not swim well either.
4-He wasn't able to speak to him either.
5-They don’t want to live in the suburbs either.
6-He won't be back before noon either.
7-He doesn’t come to school by bus either.
8-She isn't a studious person.
Some/any
We use some in affirmative sentences. We use any in negative sentences.
را در منفی استعمال مینماییم. Any را در جملات مثبت و Some ما
He took some books home with him.
He didn’t take any books home with him.
a. change the following sentences from affirmative to negative.
چملات ذیل را از مثبت به منفی تبدیل نمایید. There are some extra chairs in the next room.
1- We saw some good shows in New York.
2- He made some mistakes in spelling.
3- They have some pretty dresses in the store.
4- the teacher taught us some important rules of grammar.
5- We learned some new words in class yesterday.
6- There are some flowers in the yellow vase.
7- There are some rich men in this town.
8- We have some good neighbors.
10-Give me some coffee.
11-The doctor gave her some pills to take.
12-We need some more chairs in this room.
13-I bought some stumps at the post office.
14-He told us about some of his experiences.
15-There are some good seats in front of the theater.
16-We need some oranges.
17-You will need some warm clothes there.
18-There are some boys in the hall.
b. complete the following sentences with some or any.
1- I don’t have -----------money with me.
2- Please give me -------------more coffee.
3- I am sorry, but there isn’t -----------more coffee.
4- The baby is asleep. Please don’t make ----------noise.
5- We need------------orange for breakfast.
6-I am sorry, but I didn’t have -------time to prepare my lessons last night.
7- There aren't----------seats available.
8- He never makes ---------------mistakes in spelling.
9- I wanted to buy --------fresh eggs, but there weren’t ---------in the store.
10- I didn't have ---------stumps, so I went to the post office to buy --------
11- they are having ----------troubles with the motor of their new car.
12- I never have ------------trouble with my car.
13- The teacher wont find -----------any mistakes in Helen's composition.
14- But she will surely find ------------in my composition.
15- I tried to borrow ---------money from him, but he said he didn’t have
-------------- .
16- She never gives the poor dog---------------water to drink.
17- Don’t give------------money to John. He doesn’t deserve -----------.
18- There aren't------------students in the room at the moment.
19- Please put ------------water in that vase, the flowers are dying.
20- I wanted a cigarette, but no body had ------------.
21- John says he has ------------------cigarettes.
22- There are --------------famous museums in Mexico city but we didn’t
Have time to visit ------------.
23- He never gives his wife --------------money.
24- The doctor gave me ---------------medicine for my cough.
Someone/ Anyone
We use someone (something, somebody, etc.) in affirmative sentences;
We use anyone (anything/anybody, etc.) in negative sentences.
را در جملات مثبت استعمال میکنیم. Someone (something, somebody)ما
را در جملات منفی استعمال میکنیم. Anyone (anything, anybody, etc) ما
We heard someone in the room.
We didn’t hear anyone in the room.
a. Change the following sentences from affirmative to negative.
1-There are some extra chairs in the next room.
2- We saw some good shows in New York.
3- He made some mistakes in spelling.
4- They have some pretty dresses in that store.
5- The teacher taught us some important rules of grammar.
6- We learned some new words in class yesterday.
7- There are some flowers in the yellow vase.
8- There are some rich men in this town.
9- We have some good neighbors.
10- Give me some coffee.
11- The doctor gave her some pills to take.
12- We need some more chairs in this room.
13- I bought some stamps at the post office.
14- He told us about some of his experiences.
15- There are some good seats in front of the theater.
16- We need some oranges.
17- You will need some warm cloths there.
18- There are some boys in the hall.
b.complete the following sentences with some or any.
1- I don't have-------------money with me.
2- Please give me---------more coffee.
3- I'm sorry, but there isn't ------------more coffee.
4- The baby is asleep. Please don’t make ----------noise.
5- We need---------------orange for breakfast.
6- I'm sorry, but I didn’t have ------------any time to prepare my lesson last night.
7- There aren’t ------------seats available.
8- He never makes---------------mistakes in spelling.
9- I wanted to buy------------fresh eggs, but there weren’t -----------in the store.
10- I didn’t have ---------stamps, so I went to the post office to buy -----------
11- They are having ------------trouble with the motor of their new car.
12- I never have ---------------trouble with my car.
13- The teacher won't find ------------mistakes in Helen's composition.
14-But she will surely find--------------in my composition.
15- I tried to borrow -------------money from him, but he said he didn’t have ----------------.
16- She never gives the poor dog --------------water to drink.
17- Don’t give -------------money to John. He doest deserve ----------------.
18- There aren’t ------------students in the room at the moment.
19- Please put ----------water in that vase; the flowers are dying.
20- I wanted a cigarette, but no body had -------------.
21- John says he ahs--------------cigarettes.
22- There are -------------famous museums in Mexico City but we didn’t have time to visit any.
23- He never gives his wife----------------money.
24- The doctor gave me --------------medicine for my cough.
Someone/ anyone
We use someone (something, somebody,etc) in affirmative sentences; we use anyone(anything,anybody,etc) in negative sentences.
We heard someone in the room.
We didn’t hear anyone in the room.
Change the following sentences from affirmative to negative.
1- He told us something about his trip.
2- There is someone at the door.
3- You left something on the hall table.
4- He will bring someone with him.
5- I lost the book somewhere on Fifth Avenue.
6- There is somebody in the next room.
7- She went somewhere last night with Mr. Smith.
8- He ahs something important to say about you.
9- He knows something about it.
10-There is something the matter with the child.
11-She gave us something to eat.
12-I believe there is someone at home.
13-There is something wrong with this telephone.
14-He spoke to some body about it.
15-He met them somewhere in Europe.
16There seems to be somebody in Mr. Smith's private office.
Possessive pronounsضمایر ملکی
Mine ours
Yours yours
His
Hers their
Its
This is my notebook.
This note book is mine.
This is our classroom.
This classroom is ours.
a. In the following sentences, substitute the possessive e pronoun for the words in italic.
1- This pen is my pen.
(This pen is mine.)
2- These seats are our seats.
3- This umbrella is her umbrella.
4- These pencils are your pencils.
5- That fountain pen is my fountain pen.
6- That overcoat is his overcoat.
7- These cigarettes seem to be your cigarrets; they are not my cigarettes.
8- I believe this pen is her pen; it is not my pen.
9- Is this notebook your notebook or john's?
10-Is this package of cigarettes your package of cigarettes or
William's?
11-This pair of scissors is her pair of scissors.
12-These seats are their seats; they are not our seats.
13-This book is your book; the one over there on the desk is my
book.
14-Hr drives his car to work every day and I drive my car.
15-You take care of your things and I'll take care of my things.
16-Their home is pretty but our home is prettier.
17-His pronunciation is bad, and my pronunciation is too.
18-His car was expensive but your car was more expensive.
b. In the following sentences substitute the verb to be for the verb to belong. Then introduce a possessive pronoun or the possessive form of the noun.
را برای فعل که متعلق به آن میباشد جانشین سازید. وTo be در جملات ذیل فعل
بعد یک ضمیر ملکی و یا شکل ملکی یک اسم را بیان نمایید.
1-This book belongs to him.
(This book is his.)
2- This pencil belongs to John's
(This pencil is John's.)
3- That notebook belongs to her.
4- That umbrella belongs to me.
5- I'm sure this pen belongs to them.
6- No, it belongs to Mr. Smith.
7- These magazines belong to them.
8- These pencils belong to us.
9- These books belong top them.
10- This book doesn’t belong to me.
11- This pen belongs to him.
12- I think this desk belongs to Mrs. Jones.
13- That car belongs to Jim.
14- These green apples belong to us, but those yellow ones belong to them.
15- I think this pencil belongs to me, but the yellow one belongs to
you.
16- This package of cigarettes must belong to him.
17- This umbrella belongs to the teacher.
18- These seats belong to them.
19- That big yellow Cadillac belongs to our landlord.
20- This watch doesn't belong to me; it belongs to my father.
21- The red sweater belongs to me; the blue one belongs to Jim.
22- That bicycle belongs to Jim's little brother.